July/August 2025

Top IRDs to Watch: Choroideremia

Clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and management of this rare condition found primarily in men.

Maria Ludovica Ruggeri, MD, and Ishrat Ahmed, MD, PhD

Nutritional Supplementation for IRDs: Preservation or Placebo?

Recent evidence suggests some benefits, but more work is needed.

Paula Morales, MD; Cesar Estrada-Puente, MD; and Ramiro Maldonado, MD

Top IRDs to Watch: Usher Syndrome

Unraveling the syndromic association between hearing loss and retinal degeneration.

Maria Ludovica Ruggeri, MD, and Ishrat Ahmed, MD, PhD

Top IRDs to Watch: Stargardt Disease

An overview of the most common juvenile macular dystrophy.

Maria Ludovica Ruggeri, MD, and Ishrat Ahmed, MD, PhD

A Hopeful Future for Patients with IRDs

Ben Shaberman, MA, MS

ARDS 2025: Surgical Pearls

At this year’s meeting, top surgeons discussed how to handle epiretinal membranes and macular holes.

Frank Ma, MD, PhD

Fellows and FOCUS at VBS 2025

This year’s program was packed with pearls on mentorship, career advice, diversity and inclusion, and more.

Saumya M. Shah, MD; David Fell, MD; Kevin C. Allan, MD, PhD; Joana E. Andoh, MD; and Ethan A. Osias, MD

Doubling Down on Traumatic Macular Hole Management

The double inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique may offer another treatment option for these patients.

Jose Luis Montiel Zamora, MD; Carlos Andres Valdes Lara, MD, FICO; and Abril Itandehui Miranda Lopez

A Series of Rare Events in Geographic Atrophy Therapy

These cases highlight screening and follow-up considerations with anti-complement therapy.

Tina Tang, MD, and Nauman Chaudhry, MD

Gene Therapy for Inherited Retinal Disease: The Pipeline

Top IRDs to Watch: Retinitis Pigmentosa

Here’s what you need to diagnose, counsel, and follow patients with the most common inherited retinal disease.

Aidan Lee, MD, and Hossein Ameri, MD, PhD, FRCSI, MRCOphth

Top IRDs to Watch: Leber Congenital Amaurosis

An update on management and approved and emerging treatments.

Benjamin Bakall, MD, PhD, and Shyamanga Borooah, PhD, MBBS, FRCP, FRCSEd, FRCOphth

Top IRDs to Watch: Cone and Cone-Rod Dystrophies

A look at the prevalence, symptoms, and long-term management of a rare set of inherited retinal diseases.

Dallin Milner, MD, and Marc Mathias, MD

Top IRDs to Watch: Achromatopsia

Pearls for diagnosing and managing a rare inherited disease with significant variability.

Landon J. Rohowetz, MD; Byron L. Lam, MD; and Jesse D. Sengillo, MD

Pediatric Hemorrhage: The Answer is in the Fellow Eye

Further analysis helped us decide how to proceed in this complex pediatric case.

Srujay Pandiri, BA; Celine Chaaya, MD; and Nimesh A. Patel, MD

Surgical Management of Retinal Detachment in Uveal Melanoma

Addressing this complication requires careful planning and follow-up.

Rodrigo Anguita, MBBS, MD, FEBO, FICO, and Lyndon da Cruz, MA, MBBS, PhD, FRCOphth, FRACO

Creative Positioning in Vitreoretinal Surgery

A patient’s limted mobility may require accommodative solutions to provide the best possible surgical care.

Alicia Alcuaz Alcalaya, MD; Eduardo Pérez-Salvador García, MD, PhD; and María Jesús López Peña, MD, PhD

How to Create Clean Claims

Here are a few key factors to consider during the drug treatment payment process.

Joy Woodke, COE, OCS, OCSR

Features of Choroidal Tuberculoma

Findings on OCT uncovered a rare ocular condition.

Soulaymane Rachda, MD; Yassine Elkhalifa, MD; Selma Ouazzani Touhami, MD; Niima Elfahli, MD; Younes Tlemçani, MD, PhD; Sarah Belghmaidi, MD, PhD; Ibtissam Hajji, MD, PhD; and Abdeljalil Moutaouakil, MD, PhD